How does Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects children?
About 1.5% of children aged between 5 and 15 will be correctly diagnosed with ADHD. It is more common in boys. In children with learning disabilities the rates go up to 20% and in cases of autism spectrum disorder the rates of ADHD can be found in about a 3rd of them. The child suffering tends to exhibit listening difficulties and show extremely high impulsive behavior. A child will be very easily distracted, daydreaming, forgetting and losing things very frequently. Children with ADHD are overactive, frequently fidgety and restless, leave their seat constantly in the classroom without permission or talk excessively. The child suffering tends to find it difficult to resist their impulses. They make control or interrupt conversations and blurt out answers before the question is complete. Some may be prone to risk taking behavior, doing things without taking time to think about whether it’s safe, displaying little or no sense of danger. Children with ADHD will have tantrums, disruptive and destructive behavior as well as hyperactive nature. They may also have social communication difficulties, repetitive behavior and some of these children will experience low self esteem, anxiety and depression.
How to diagnose ADHD?
ADHD is a highly heritable disorder that runs in families; it can
also be caused by brain damage during pregnancy or birth complications, a very
low birth weight, as well as due to the use of alcohol and smoking during
pregnancy, all associated with high rates of ADHD. There may be other risk
factors such as the presence of intellectual disability or other medical
conditions that affect the brain functions. ADHD symptoms lead to extremely
poor academic performance by the child which leads to serious academic issues
in the future thereby affecting the child’s future. The learning is affected a
great deal; impulsivity in particular can affect relationships with family
members, teachers and others who are involved in the children’s lives. Children
with ADHD frequently get into arguments with friends and siblings or less
likely to want to play and spend time with them. The child develops low self esteem
and low self confidence. They are also at risk of engaging in substance misuse
and non social behavior, which increase the risk of becoming involved with the
criminal justice systems in the future.
What are the strategies that
can be used for children suffering from ADHD?
There are various methods and ways through which a parent can help
their child at home. For example, giving simple instructions and creating a
quiet seating for the child to do the homework. Teachers play a key role by
adapting the individual educational plan for the child to accommodate the ADHD
difficulties. Teachers can pay extra attention to the child and even make him
sit in front of them to have a frequent interaction with the child even during
the class. However when symptoms of ADHD impacts on the child learning as well
as on their social functioning then that is a time to refer to a
specialist. One would advise the parents to share their concerns with a
General practitioner, who then may refer to a local pediatrician or to a mental
health service in the area. By special educational needs teachers in school may
also be able to refer directly to some of these services.
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